MATERIALS 材料
In the field of mechanical processing, the choice of product materials has an important impact on processing technology, finished product performance and application scenarios. The choice of machine product materials needs to comprehensively consider performance, processing difficulty, cost and application environment. Different materials are suitable for different scenarios, and reasonable selection can improve product quality and processing efficiency.
Cast aluminum parts
The aluminum die casting process has the characteristics of high production efficiency, high dimensional accuracy of castings, good surface quality, and the ability to produce complex-shaped castings. Aluminum alloy has a low density, approximately 2.7g/cm³, good plasticity, and can be processed into various shapes and sizes of products through casting, extrusion, rolling, etc. Aluminum alloy has good thermal conductivity and can quickly transfer heat throughout the material. At the same time, the surface of aluminum alloy is prone to form a dense oxide film, which has good corrosion resistance. In the process of casting (die casting, low-pressure die casting, sand casting, etc.), the pressure for die casting can reach 10-200MPa (high-pressure die casting), the temperature of the die-cast aluminum liquid is 680-730℃ (the temperature for pure aluminum die casting is higher), and the cost of the die-casting mold is high (ranging from tens of thousands to several hundred thousand yuan), suitable for mass production (die-casting efficiency is several pieces per minute). heat treatment available, certifications provided (Mill Test Report / EN 10204 3.1)
Conventional aluminum parts
The material type of conventional aluminum parts usually refers to aluminum alloy parts formed through processes such as extrusion, forging, and rolling. Commonly used grades include 6061 and 6063 (aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy), which have high strength and good processing performance. The alloy elements are added with copper, magnesium, zinc, etc. to optimize mechanical properties. For example, the magnesium-silicon ratio of 6063 aluminum alloy is approximately 1:1, which enhances the tensile strength. In the solid-state plastic deformation processes such as extrusion, forging, and rolling, the extrusion pressure is usually 200-600 MPa, the extrusion temperature is about 450-500℃, and the cost of the extrusion mold is relatively low (about several thousand yuan), suitable for small-batch to large-batch production (such as continuous extrusion of aluminum profiles).heat treatment available, certifications provided (Mill Test Report / EN 10204 3.1)
Cast iron
In gray cast iron, the carbon (C) content is generally between 2.5% - 4.0%, silicon (Si) content is between 1.0% - 3.0%, manganese (Mn) content is between 0.5% - 1.4%, and phosphorus (P) content is usually less than 0.3%, while sulfur (S) content is less than 0.15%. The density of gray cast iron is approximately 7.2 - 7.3 g/cm³, the thermal expansion coefficient of gray cast iron is about (10.4 - 11.6) × 10⁻⁶/℃, and the thermal conductivity of gray cast iron is generally in the range of 40 - 50 W/(m・K). The main gold phase structure consists of flake graphite and the metal matrix. The metal matrix can be pearlite, ferrite, or a mixture of pearlite and ferrite. In ductile iron, the carbon content is usually between 3.5% - 4.0%, silicon content is between 2.0% - 3.0%, manganese content is less than 0.5%, phosphorus content is less than 0.08%, sulfur content is less than 0.03%, and it also contains a certain amount of magnesium (Mg) and rare earth elements to ensure graphite spheroidization. The density of ductile iron is approximately 7.0 - 7.2 g/cm³, the thermal expansion coefficient of ductile iron is in the range of (10.2 - 11.8) × 10⁻⁶/℃, and the thermal conductivity of ductile iron is approximately 30 - 40 W/(m・K). The gold phase structure of ductile iron is spherical graphite distributed on the metal matrix. The metal matrix usually has ferrite, pearlite, or bainite, etc. In terms of mechanical properties, the tensile strength of gray cast iron is generally between 100 - 400 MPa, and the hardness is usually around HB170 - 241. Different grades of gray cast iron have different mechanical properties. For example, the tensile strength of HT100 is not less than 100 MPa, while the tensile strength of HT300 is not less than 300 MPa. Ductile iron has high strength and toughness, with tensile strength reaching 400 - 900 MPa, and elongation is generally between 2% - 20%. For instance, the tensile strength of QT400 - 18 is 400 MPa, and the elongation is 18%; the tensile strength of QT700 - 2 is 700 MPa, and the elongation is 2%. heat treatment available, certifications provided (Mill Test Report / EN 10204 3.1)
Steel parts
Steel parts generally refer to steel products made through plastic deformation processes such as forging and rolling. Examples include hot-rolled steel plates, cold-rolled steel pipes, or forged parts. The composition of these materials typically contains a carbon content of ≤ 2.11% (low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel, high-carbon steel), with few impurities and a uniform structure. In terms of production processes, hot rolling/cold rolling: through plastic deformation by rollers at high temperatures or at room temperature to improve the material's density (such as I-beams, angle bars). Forging: by hammering or applying pressure to cause the metal to undergo plastic deformation, to refine the grain structure and eliminate internal defects (such as forged steel gears). In terms of mechanical properties, they have high strength (tensile strength ≥ 500 MPa) and good toughness (impact energy ≥ 40 J), with fine grain structure, high density, and few defects (such as no porosity). In terms of surface quality, the finish is high (Ra ≤ 3.2 μm), and the dimensional accuracy is good. The investment in forging equipment is high, and it is suitable for small and medium batch high-value-added products.heat treatment available, certifications provided (Mill Test Report / EN 10204 3.1)
ADC12: ADC12 is an aluminum alloy material, also known as A383 aluminum alloy, which is a commonly used casting aluminum alloy. The ADC12 alloy is mainly composed of elements such as aluminum, silicon, copper, and magnesium, and has excellent casting properties and mechanical properties. It is usually used to produce automotive parts, electronic equipment housings, furniture hardware, and other products.
HT250: HT250 is a grade of gray cast iron. "HT" stands for gray cast iron, and "HT" is the abbreviation of the Chinese pinyin for gray cast iron. The HT250 grade of gray cast iron indicates that the minimum tensile strength of the ø30 sample is 250 MPa.
QT600-3: QT600-3 is a pearlitic type ductile iron with medium to high strength, medium toughness and plasticity. It has excellent comprehensive performance, good wear resistance and vibration reduction properties, and good casting process performance. It can be modified in performance through various heat treatments.
X105CrMo17: stainless steel, a German DIN standard stainless steel. It is equivalent to 9Cr18Mo in China and SUS440C in Japan.
DUCTILE ITON 65-45-12: Ductile iron is also known as spheroidal graphite cast iron.
- Aluminum: 6061-T6 (GB: 6061), 7075-T6, 5052, 2024
- Stainless Steel: 304/304L (1.4301), 316/316L (1.4401), 17-4PH
- Steel: 1018, 1045 (GB: 45#), 4140, A36
- Cast Iron: GG25 (EN), ASTM A48 Class 30/35
- Plastics: POM (Delrin), ABS, Nylon, PEEK
Declaration: All materials sourced with full traceability; equivalent international grades (ASTM/EN/ISO) available upon request. No substitutions without approval.
